Currents around Memorial Day were crosswise and jumbled in 1922. Interpretation of the Civil War and Decoration Day was at the center
Even with the recent war, the holiday's roots were still in Decoration Day. For retailers, picking up what is sure to be nationally distributed art and theme, the ads represented the "blue and the gray" and "north and south," balancing dead from the two sides in the Civil War. Ads did also particularly reference "the world war." This one cited "the boys of '76, of '61, of '98 and '17," placing them all in a series as the holiday transitioned to Memorial Day. (Even with the compression in ad and news copy, it is interesting the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War of 1846, and the "Indian Wars," were not mentioned, however.)
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| May 29th, 1922 |
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| April 9th, 1922 |
The holiday origin story the morning paper printed stressed the Grand Army of the Republic, and mentioned "freedom to a race in chains" and "tatoo of a rebellious tyranny in arms." It seemed pretty clear about the Civil War, and did not strive to be so even-handed.
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| May 30th, 1922 |
But currents ran in other directions, even opposite. The nation dedicated the Lincoln Memorial also.
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| May 30th, 1922 |
At the dedication President Harding minimized Emancipation, framing wishes for a prior "normalcy" and saying a "compromise" with slavery was possible.
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| May 30th, 1922 |
That was likely the popular tone here, as the Grand Theater was set for a short run of Birth of a Nation.
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| May 30th, 1922 |
The morning paper praised it.
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| May 31st, 1922 |
They referenced with approval Woodrow Wilson's take on Reconstruction and said the film was about
The terrible events growing out of attempts to place the newly liberated slaves on a basis superior to their former owners and other white citizens in certain portions of the south are treated by Mr. Griffith....The spontaneous growth of the Ku Klux Klan and the restoration of peace in the affected districts are interwoven with stories of romance...
That is very much of a piece with the rise of the second Klan here.
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| Civil War Memorial in City View (Erected in 1905, Photo: November 2019) |
As for Memorial Day services themselves, there was in the morning a ceremony at City View, and then a parade through town and more speeches at the Armory.
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| The Armory, SW corner of Ferry and Liberty, in 1961 (Salem Library Historic Photos) |
At the Armory speakers stressed a harmonizing and idealizing reading. The morning paper led their report with the toast:
I proposed to this audience of Americans, a toast: To the American soldier, unconquered, unconquerable; and to the place he has won in history as the champion of liberty, equality and fraternity.
The main speaker later seemed to aspire to a more homogeneous society and discounted any lack of equality and fraternity as misunderstanding only, a character flaw and not any structural flaw to be addressed in policy.
Our present day discords are but the expression of mingled races, religions, creeds, factions, politics and what not, resulting not from vital differences but from trivial misunderstandings, imagined grievances and fancied slights and jealousies.
See also:
- At the Smithsonian magazine, "A Century Ago, the Lincoln Memorial’s Dedication Underscored the Nation’s Racial Divide."
- Here from 2016, "100 Years ago The Birth of a Nation 'took Salem by Storm'"
- And on Memorial Day in 1920, with a brief note dating the statue to 1905 rather than 1933, "Decoration Day to Memorial Day: Change in 1920 under World War's Shadow."
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